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          selenium安装和Chromedriver
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        <h2 id="Selenium"><a href="#Selenium" class="headerlink" title="Selenium"></a>Selenium</h2><p>Selenium是一个Web的自动化测试工具，最初是为网站自动化测试而开发的，Selenium<br>可以直接运行在浏览器上，它支持所有主流的浏览器（包括PhantomJS这些无界面的浏览器），可以接收指令，让浏览器自动加载页面，获取需要的数据，甚至页面截屏</p>
<h2 id="下载"><a href="#下载" class="headerlink" title="下载"></a>下载</h2><ul>
<li><a href="/go.html?u=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver">ChromeDriver Mirror</a></li>
<li><a href="/go.html?u=https://www.google.cn/intl/zh-CN/chrome/">Chrome</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><p><em>可以解决，以下错误问题</em></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Message: ‘chromedriver’ executable needs to be in PATH. Please see <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home">https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>首先根据Chrome版本进行下载chromedriver驱动，</p>
<p><strong>Chrome版本查看路径</strong></p>
<p>[菜单 ] -&gt; [帮助]  -&gt; [关于Google Chrome]</p>
<p><img src="https://blog-static.nobige.cn/gh/JackCh3n/n0bige/post/20191108-selenium_an_zhuang_he_Chromedriver/xiao2019-11-05-11-18-08-127.jpg" alt="Chrome版本查看路径"></p>
<p>如下图所示，我的版本为<code>版本 77.0.3865.90（正式版本） （64 位）</code></p>
<p><img src="https://blog-static.nobige.cn/gh/JackCh3n/n0bige/post/20191108-selenium_an_zhuang_he_Chromedriver/xiao2019_11_06_13_37_19_157.jpg" alt="Chrome版本"></p>
<p>然后到<a href="/go.html?u=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver">ChromeDriver Mirror</a>淘宝镜像地址进行下载，以我的版本为例搜索<code>77.0.3865</code>然后选择<code>77.0.3865.40</code>即可，一般都是选择对应chrome版本较新的即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://blog-static.nobige.cn/gh/JackCh3n/n0bige/post/20191108-selenium_an_zhuang_he_Chromedriver/xiao2019_11_06_13_39_06_979.jpg" alt="npm淘宝镜像"></p>
<p>（以Win7为例）接着下载对应版本的chromedriver驱动<code>chromedriver.exe</code>放到<code>python.exe</code> 同级文件夹即可，如</p>
<p>python path 是 <code>C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37</code></p>
<p><img src="https://blog-static.nobige.cn/gh/JackCh3n/n0bige/post/20191108-selenium_an_zhuang_he_Chromedriver/xiao2019-11-05-10-58-54-57.jpg" alt="python dir"></p>
<p>最后尝试代码以下代码，若是可以正常的打开网站即为安装成功。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> selenium <span class="keyword">import</span> webdriver</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">driver = webdriver.Chrome()</span><br><span class="line">driver.get(<span class="string">&#x27;https://nobige.cn&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(driver.title)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">driver.quit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="错误"><a href="#错误" class="headerlink" title="错误"></a>错误</h2><blockquote>
<p>Message: ‘chromedriver’ executable needs to be in PATH. Please see <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home">https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>解决办法参考，<strong>安装</strong>。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>element is not attached to the page document</p>
</blockquote>
<p>原因:页面未完全加载完成(元素丢失)，解决办法，刷新页面后延迟下或者重新获取</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 刷新</span></span><br><span class="line">driver.refresh()</span><br><span class="line">time.sleep(<span class="number">5</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="方法"><a href="#方法" class="headerlink" title="方法"></a>方法</h2><p>Selenium提供了下列的方法</p>
<ul>
<li>find_element_by_id</li>
<li>find_element_by_name</li>
<li>find_element_by_xpath</li>
<li>find_element_by_link_text</li>
<li>find_element_by_partial_link_text</li>
<li>find_element_by_tag_name</li>
<li>find_element_by_class_name</li>
<li>find_element_by_css_selector</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>一次查找多个元素 (这些方法会返回一个list列表):</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>find_elements_by_name</li>
<li>find_elements_by_xpath</li>
<li>find_elements_by_link_text</li>
<li>find_elements_by_partial_link_text</li>
<li>find_elements_by_tag_name</li>
<li>find_elements_by_class_name</li>
<li>find_elements_by_css_selector</li>
</ul>
<p>手册中找到的可能用的上的方法</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">获取标签属性</span><br><span class="line">get_attribute</span><br><span class="line">get_attribute(<span class="string">&quot;class&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">填写内容</span><br><span class="line">find_element_by_id(<span class="string">&quot;username&quot;</span>).send_keys(<span class="string">&quot;some text&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">下拉或多选</span><br><span class="line">    清除所有选定的条目通过索引，值，文本名</span><br><span class="line">    deselect_all</span><br><span class="line">    deselect_by_index</span><br><span class="line">    deselect_by_value</span><br><span class="line">    deselect_by_visible_text</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    选择下拉或多选通过索引，值，文本名</span><br><span class="line">    select_by_index</span><br><span class="line">    select_by_value</span><br><span class="line">    select_by_visible_text</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    返回属于此选择标记的所有选定选项的列表</span><br><span class="line">    all_selected_options</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    此选择标记中的第一个选定选项（或正常选择中的当前选定选项）</span><br><span class="line">    first_selected_option</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    返回属于此选择标记的所有选项的列表</span><br><span class="line">    options</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">单击</span><br><span class="line">click()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">双击</span><br><span class="line">double_click</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">提交</span><br><span class="line">element.submit()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">在不同的窗口和框架之间移动</span><br><span class="line">driver.switch_to_window(<span class="string">&quot;windowName&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">弹出对话框</span><br><span class="line">alert = driver.switch_to_alert()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">操作Cookies,增，查，删，删除全部</span><br><span class="line">add_cookie(cookie)</span><br><span class="line">get_cookies()</span><br><span class="line">delete_cookie</span><br><span class="line">delete_all_cookies</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">控制浏览器历史前进</span><br><span class="line">forward()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">控制浏览器历史后退</span><br><span class="line">back()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">刷新</span><br><span class="line">refresh</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">关闭页面</span><br><span class="line">close()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">最大化 Web 驱动程序正在使用的当前窗口</span><br><span class="line">maximize_window</span><br><span class="line">最小化 Web 驱动程序正在使用的当前窗口</span><br><span class="line">minimize_window</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">将当前窗口的屏幕截图保存到 PNG 图像文件中。</span><br><span class="line">get_screenshot_as_file(文件名)</span><br><span class="line">save_screenshot</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">获取当前窗口的屏幕截图作为 base64 编码字符串</span><br><span class="line">get_screenshot_as_base64</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">获取当前URL</span><br><span class="line">current_url</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h2><ul>
<li><a href="/go.html?u=https://selenium-python-zh.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html">7. WebDriver API — Selenium-Python中文文档 2 documentation</a></li>
</ul>

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